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On July 4, 1946, one of the most tragic and dark episodes of the post-war period occurred in Kielce, Poland: the Kielce pogrom.

Among those who found temporary refuge in Portugal was a figure who would profoundly reshape the course of Judaism in the 20th century: Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson.

Two Polish families holding Portuguese visas reached Brazil, according to records cross-referenced with the Holocaust Museum in Curitiba.

“European Jews are watching,” said EJA Chairman Rabbi Menachem Margolin.

Strychnine is a highly toxic, colorless alkaloid used as a pesticide, which leads to convulsions and then death through asphyxia if ingested.

“If you had told me two years ago that I would feel this way, I wouldn’t have believed you,” Operation Benjamin board member Liz Steinlauf told JNS.